Quick answer
Yes, an EPC is normally needed to let a property in England, it lasts 10 years, and the property must usually reach at least band E unless a valid exemption is registered. Councils often ask to see the EPC with an HMO licence application.
An Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) rates how efficiently a building uses energy, from A (most efficient) to G (least). Landlords normally need one before a property is marketed to let, and many councils ask for a copy with an HMO licence application or renewal.
How long does an EPC last?
Ten years. If your existing certificate is still in date you can reuse it, even if you change tenants, unless major work has materially changed the building’s energy performance. You can look up an existing certificate on the government’s free EPC register by address.
What rating does a rented HMO need?
Under the Minimum Energy Efficiency Standards, private rented property in England must normally reach at least band E. Landlords are not required to spend more than £3,500 including VAT on improvements to reach it, and some exemptions exist, such as high cost, wall insulation issues or third-party consent. Most exemptions last five years and must be registered. Standards for future years have been consulted on, so check the current rules before planning major refurbishment.
One EPC for the building or one per room?
For a shared house let by the room, the EPC is generally prepared for the whole building rather than for each bedroom. Practice and council expectations vary, so confirm what your borough asks for. See our EPC service for London HMOs.
What does the assessor look at?
- Insulation in the loft, walls and floors.
- Heating system, controls and hot water.
- Windows and glazing type.
- Lighting and any renewables such as solar panels.
- The size and layout of the property.
Have your gas certificate and any recent invoices for heating or insulation ready, because evidence of improvements can raise the rating.
How to improve a poor rating
The assessor’s report includes a list of recommended measures with estimated costs. Common low-cost wins are loft insulation, draught-proofing, low-energy lighting and heating controls. Once the work is done, a new assessment replaces the old rating.
EPC and your other certificates
Frequently asked questions
Can I let an HMO rated F or G?
Generally not, unless a valid exemption is registered. Check the current regulations and your options before letting.
Do I give the EPC to tenants?
Yes. Tenants should be given a copy of the EPC when the tenancy begins.
Does a new EPC reset when I upgrade the heating?
A new assessment is needed to reflect upgrades. The old rating stays on the register until then.
Sources and further reading
- GOV.UK: Domestic private rented property minimum energy efficiency standard, landlord guidance
- GOV.UK: Find an energy certificate
Related guides
Need this arranged across one or several properties? Request a written quote or call 07707 999369.
This guide is general information for landlords in England, not legal advice. Councils set their own HMO licence conditions, so check your borough’s requirements before you apply or renew.